ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Due to their nutraceutical properties, the fruits of the species Vaccinium meridionale, which inhabit the Andean region, are of scientific interest. Microwave-assisted extraction has been applied to different vegetal matrices for to extract efficiently polyphenolic compounds. In this work we study in microwave assisted extraction processes, the effect on the extraction of total polyphenols in dried fruits of Vaccinium meridionale, using response surface methodology. The main objective of this research was to analyze the relationships between power, temperature, solid-liquid ratio, time and ethanol concentration in aqueous media on the effectiveness of total polyphenols recovery in dry fruits of Vaccinium meridionale. A central composite design face-centered with three levels for each variable was used: P = 300 - 900 W; T = 70 -110 °C; L:Srat. = 30:1 - 70:1 w/w; t = 5 - 15 min; [EtOH] = 0 - 80%. In this sense, the effect of the input variables on the recovery of total polyphenols, the optimization process for maximum extraction, and the comparison to other solid-liquid extractions in terms of quantity of total polyphenols, are reported. It was found that the significant variables in the extraction process were ethanol concentration, temperature and time; the best yields were obtained in the range [EtOH] = 44 - 49%, T = 110 °C, and t = 10 - 15 min. In terms of quantity, time and consumption of energy, microwave-assisted extraction technique is more efficient than other solid-liquid extraction processes for the extraction of total polyphenols.
RESUMO Devido a suas propriedades nutracêuticas em termos do conteúdo de polifenóis totais, os frutos da espécie andina Vaccinium meridionale tem associado um grande interesse cientifico. A extração assistida por microondas tem sido utilizada em diferentes matrizes vegetais para a remoção de forma eficiente de compostos polifenólicos que apresentam uma atividade biológica. Neste artigo são apresentados os principais resultados experimentais obtidos em diferentes processos de extração assistida por microondas, com respeito à quantia de polifenóis totais removidos em frutos secos de Vaccinium meridionale por meio da metodologia da superfície de resposta. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as relações entre as variáveis independentes da potência, a temperatura, a relação sólido-líquido, tempo e concentração de etanol com respeito à quantidade polifenóis totais extraídos de frutos secos de Vaccinium meridionale. Foi utilizado um desenho composto centrado nas caras com três diferentes níveis para cada variável: P = 300 - 900 W; T = 70 -110 °C; L:Srat. = 30:1 - 70:1 w/w; t = 5 - 15 min; [EtOH] = 0 - 80%. Foi utilizado o método de Folin-Ciocalteu para a quantificação de polifenóis totais com ácido gálico como molécula de referência. Neste sentido, foi reportado neste trabalho o efeito dos fatores de entrada com respeito a quantidade de polifenóis totais removidos, o processo de optimização para obter a máxima remoção possível, e também uma comparação dos resultados experimentais com outros processos de extração sólido-líquido. Foi achado que a concentração de etanol, a temperatura e o tempo foram a variáveis mais importantes no processo de extração. A máxima quantidade de recuperação achada neste trabalho foi obtida no intervalo [EtOH] = 44 - 49%, T = 110 °C e t = 10 - 15 min. Em termos de quantidade, tempo e gasto de energia, a extração assistida por microondas é uma técnica eficiente para a remoção de polifenóis totais em frutos secos de Vaccinium meridionale.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish the protein content determination method respectively by Folin-Ciocalteu method and Coomass-ie brilliant blue binding method for mannatide oral solution and compare the results. Methods:The limit of detection, linearity, accu-racy, repeatability, recovery and content of Folin-Ciocalteu method and Coomassie brilliant blue binding method were investigated. Re-sults:As for Folin-Ciocalteu method, the limit of detection was 0. 2 μg, the range of linearity was 0-112. 0 μg(r=0. 9990), the av-erage recovery was 105. 2%(RSD=1. 9%), the RSD of accuracy was less than 1%, and the content result of three batches of samples was 47. 45, 58. 34 and 40. 99 μg·ml-1, respectively. As for Coomassie brilliant blue binding method, the limit of detection was 0. 8 μg, the range of linearity was 0-99. 6 μg(r=0. 9980), the average recovery was 102. 0%(RSD=2. 7%), the RSD of accuracy was less than 1%, and the protein content of samples was not detected out by the method. Conclusion:Folin-Ciocalteu method can be used to determine the protein content in mannatide oral solution reliably and efficiently.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish the protein content determination method respectively by Folin-Ciocalteu method and Coomass-ie brilliant blue binding method for mannatide oral solution and compare the results. Methods:The limit of detection, linearity, accu-racy, repeatability, recovery and content of Folin-Ciocalteu method and Coomassie brilliant blue binding method were investigated. Re-sults:As for Folin-Ciocalteu method, the limit of detection was 0. 2 μg, the range of linearity was 0-112. 0 μg(r=0. 9990), the av-erage recovery was 105. 2%(RSD=1. 9%), the RSD of accuracy was less than 1%, and the content result of three batches of samples was 47. 45, 58. 34 and 40. 99 μg·ml-1, respectively. As for Coomassie brilliant blue binding method, the limit of detection was 0. 8 μg, the range of linearity was 0-99. 6 μg(r=0. 9980), the average recovery was 102. 0%(RSD=2. 7%), the RSD of accuracy was less than 1%, and the protein content of samples was not detected out by the method. Conclusion:Folin-Ciocalteu method can be used to determine the protein content in mannatide oral solution reliably and efficiently.